Ethnobotany and territory in Mulluri´s pasture (Northern Chile). The teachings of aymara pastoralism

Abstract

From an ethnographic work focused on the territorial memories of the Aymara community of Mulluri (Region of Arica and Parinacota, Northern Chile) it is proposed that pastoralism, as a traditional way of life of prehispanic origin, strongly colors the perception and systematic of space and of the world of plants. Interviews and participant observation were conducted guided by an ethnobotanical and spatial approach aimed at relieving classification systems and livestock management. The categories “cordillera”, “costa” and “valle” used by the comuneros were analyzed to name the different geographical regions or ecological zones of the western Andean gradient, which are defined by them from climatic, ecological, symbolic and practice variables. Simultaneously, within these macro-regions the comuneros recognize specific zones according to the existing botanical associations. These were conceptualized by the comuneros as "pasture stages", coinciding fully with the vegetational areas defined by botany. In relation to the plants, generic categories were registered according to their growth forms (“pastos del champeal”, “pajas” o wichu, t´olas, “montes”, “pastos de lluvia”, among others) as well as specific nomenclatures by species.