Hepatoprotective effects of Ziziphus spina-christi extract against cadmium-induced liver damage in rats: Biochemical and histopathological insights

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd), a very toxic heavy metal, poses significant environmental and public health risks, particularly affecting the liver. This study examined the therapeutic effectiveness of Ziziphus spina-christi (ZSC) extract, known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties, in alleviating cadmium-induced liver damage in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: control, ZSC-treated, Cd-exposed, and Cd + ZSC-treated. Rats were administered ZSC extract and Cd orally for 21 days, followed by biochemical and histological assessments. Cadmium exposure elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), indicating hepatic injury. The co-administration of ZSC significantly normalized these levels and mitigated hepatic anomalies, as histological analyses confirmed the preservation of liver architecture. The hepatoprotective advantages are attributed to the bioactive compounds of ZSC, including flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic acids. In conclusion, ZSC demonstrates therapeutic potential in alleviating Cd-induced liver damage and may serve as an effective intervention for heavy metal hepatotoxicity.